Located 17 miles north of San Francisco, Richmond is a small, working-class city where residents—predominantly people of color—live surrounded by heavy industry, with more than 350 refineries in their midst. Chief among them is Chevron, whose oil refinery has spewed toxic air pollution, leaked oil into San Francisco Bay, and sent thousands of community members to seek medical attention after various explosions and fires over the years. And the people of Richmond have had it. Residents like Torm Nompraseurt, a Laotian refugee who arrived in 1975 after fleeing the Vietnam War, have built the city’s grassroots resistance movement from the ground up. Torm organizes through the Asian Pacific Environmental Network (APEN), which represents a group that has grown to some 10,000 Laotians in western Contra Costa County. When APEN asked him to join its team in 1995, Torm recalls, “I decided I wanted to fight for my community.” With his help, the Laotian community has become an organizing force and instrumental in passing a series of bills to mitigate pollution.
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